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1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment

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1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment (German: Litthauisches Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 1; Lithuanian: 1-asis lietuvių dragūnų pulkas) was a dragoon regiment of the Royal Prussian Army, which recruited heavily among the Prussian Lithuanians of Lithuania Minor.[1] The regiment was formed in spring 1717 and disbanded in June 1919. This regiment was one of the oldest in the whole Prussian army.

1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment
The Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment in 1813
Active1717–1919
CountryKingdom of Prussia
BranchPrussian Army
TypeDragoons
Most known
garrison		Tilsit, Lithuania Minor, East Prussia
Nickname"Porcelain Regiment"
Engagements

The regiment was recruited almost exclusively from volunteers from its immediate homeland, i.e., Lithuania Minor, and was well-regarded in the army at all times for having the best horses and riders.[2] In the memoirs of the inhabitants of Lithuania Minor, it is written that they were proud of serving in this regiment.[3] Even until the end of the First World War, the signs outside the soldiers' barracks were in Lithuanian and German languages.[4]

Formation

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1710s

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On 19 April 1717, King Frederick William I of Prussia ordered major general Heinrich Jordan von Wuthenau [de] to form a regiment from 780 Saxon cavalrymen and dragoons, which Augustus II the Strong gifted the Prussian King.[5]

As early as May, von Wuthenau divided the regiment into 8 companies.[5][2] The uniform consisted of a white coat with light blue embroidery, because of which the regiment was called the "Porcelain regiment".[5]

In December, the regiment was ordered to march to Insterburg, Tilsit, Ragnit, Goldap, Stallupönen and Pillkallen.[5]

In 1718, the whole regiment was assembled in a single place for a military exercise in Insterburg, and by August of that year, it already had 10 companies.[6] In 1725, it was established that each company would have 110 dragoons, and each company was renamed a squadron.[6]

1720s

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When General von Wuthenau died in 1727, the regiment was divided into two regiments, which were that of von Cosel [de] and von Dockum.[6] The regiment von Cosel maintained the same uniform and was assigned all of the same garrisons except Tilsit.[6] The Dragoon Regiment von Dockum remained in Tilsit with its 5 squadrons and received white coats with red embroidery and received silver timpani the next year.[6] The Dragoon Regiment von Dockum was later called the 7th Dragoon Regiment.[6]

Frederick the Great

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Between 1734 and 1746, the regiment was often relocated to various places, such as Berlin, Magdeburg, Potsdam, or Tilsit. Finally, in 1746, Tilsit was established as the regiment's permanent garrison.

First Silesian War (1740–1742)

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In the final, extremely costly battle of the First Silesian War – the hard-fought Battle of Chotusitz – the dragoons, under the command of General Buddenbrock, engaged the Imperial–Royal von Birkenfeld Cuirassier Regiment, but suffered such heavy losses during the subsequent Austrian counter-attack that the Prussian cavalry could no longer be deployed. In the process, the Leibstandarte was lost when Austrian grenadiers snatched the banner from the severely wounded Ensign Paul Wilhelm von Roop in the heat of battle.

The regiment's casualties were the following: 4 officers and 152 men killed, 6 officers and 71 men wounded, and 3 officers and 280 men taken prisoner.[7]

Second Silesian War (1744–1745)

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During the Second Silesian War, on 13 December 1745, the Dragoon Regiment, together with the left wing of the Prussian cavalry, came under a surprise attack by strong Saxon cavalry units in a sunken road near Nieder-Zehren [de], in conditions of black ice and darkness, sustaining numerous casualties.[8] The regimental commander, Major General Friedrich Alexander von Roëll [de], was stabbed to death, whilst the regimental adjutant, Lieutenant Friedrich Wilhelm von Blankenburg, lost the kettledrums and the Leibstandarte, which had already been brought to safety.[8]

Two days later, the dragoon regiment fought in the Battle of Kesselsdorf.[8] Initially, the regiment faced the Saxon mounted Carabiniers Guard and Grenadiers à cheval. It attacked the Electoral Saxon Guard on foot and the Niesemeuschel regiment [de]. The dragoon Stiecklies captured the regimental standard of the Niesemeuschel regiment, whilst a standard and a pair of silver kettledrums were seized from the Carabiniers Guard. The Saxon colonel and regimental commander Christoph Gottfried von Niesemeuschel [de] was taken prisoner by the Prussians three days later in Dresden.

Seven Years War (1757–1763)

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During the Seven Years' War, the regiment faced the Hungarian–Serbian Hussar Regiment and the Chuguyev Cossack Regiment [ru] at the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf (30 August 1757), driving them back behind the Russian infantry as the battle progressed. Together with the Leib Squadron, an enemy battery of 10 heavy guns was captured, and a grenadier battalion was successfully engaged. Three squadrons, together with the von Platen Dragoon Regiment, attacked the Vologda and Suzdal infantry regiments, inflicting significant losses (136 men) upon them. In mid-September/early October 1757, the dragoons fought at Setzlaken and Tilsit.

1758

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They then marched to Pomerania, taking part in the skirmish at Sternberg on 5 August 1758 and in the advance on Zielenzig from 9 to 14 August 1758. At the Battle of Zorndorf, the dragoons were able to effectively engage several Russian regiments pursuing the defeated vanguard. In the process, 5 cannons were captured. The vanguard was subsequently able to regroup in an orderly fashion. Their own losses amounted to 4 officers, 59 men and 115 horses.

On 23 September 1758, the skirmish at Zehdenick took place, followed by the skirmish at Linum on 25 September 1758. During these engagements, the Swedish Leib-Cuirassier Regiment lost a total of 3 officers and 300 men were taken prisoner. In an attack on a Swedish battalion, however, the regiment lost 2 officers and 104 men. This was followed by the Battle of Fehrbellin on 28 September 1758, the skirmish at Boitzenburg [de] on 15 October 1758 and the skirmish at Eilenburg on 15 November 1758. Together with the Malachowski [de] Hussar Regiment, 2 cannons and 2 ammunition wagons were captured during these engagements. This was followed by another march to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

1759

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On 1 January 1759, the regiment took part in the assault on Damgarten and the capture of Anklam. This was followed on 27 August 1759 by the skirmish at Zahna, on 29 August 1759 by a skirmish at Torgau, and on 4 September 1759 by the skirmish at Großenhain. Here, the Imperial–Royal Palatinate Hussar Regiment suffered losses of 368 men and 500 horses. On 5 September 1759, the skirmish at Dresden took place, followed by another skirmish at Torgau on 8 September 1759. Once again, 8 cannons and 16 ammunition wagons were captured, and 26 officers and 850 men were taken prisoner. Own losses were estimated at 4 officers and 186 men. In the skirmish at Triebsche on 16 September and that at Korbitz [de] on the same day, the Serbelloni Cuirassier Regiment was driven into a ravine near Stroischen [de]. As many as 10 enemy officers and 64 men were taken prisoner. The regiment lost 8 officers, 180 men and 68 horses in the process. The next encounters with the enemy took place on 7 November 1759 at the skirmish near Niederzehren, on 9 November at the skirmish near Meissen, and on 23 November 1759 at the skirmish near Unsewitz.

1760

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In 1760, battles were fought in Pomerania, at Kavelpaß, Lübbersdorf, Jogow, Taschenberg [de], Prenzlau, Röppersdorf, Schiedeberg and near Berlin. Near Berlin, the regiment lost two officers and 80 men. This was followed by engagements at Belzig, Leipzig, on 19 October 1760 at Taschenberg, and the skirmish at Tessin (Zarnewanz). Here, a squadron routed the Swedish cavalry and captured a cannon.

1761

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The campaign in Pomerania continued into 1761. Skirmishes took place near Belgard from 12 to 18 June. These were followed by the skirmish at Körlin on 19 August, the skirmish at Gröpfack-Krug on 4 September, and the skirmish at Garrin on 6 September. Here, the Russian Archangelgorod Dragoon Regiment [ru] was defeated and three standards captured. In the skirmish at Treptow on 12 September, the dragoon Kleibitz managed to capture Colonel Count Wittgenstein. In the skirmish at Körlin, two unicorns (long, smooth-bore howitzers) were captured.

The regiment also fought on 2 October in the skirmish at Spie, on 10 October in the skirmish at Gervin, on 16 October in the skirmish at Triglaff, on 20 October in the skirmish at Schwanteshagen, on 20 October at Kantecker Wald, and on 22 October during the bombardment of Gollnow. This was followed by participation on 3 November in the skirmish at Paßkrug, on 15 November in the skirmish at Greiffenberg [de], on 12 December in the assault on Spie, and finally in the skirmish at Klempin. The regiment lost one officer, 136 men and 154 horses.

1762

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The year 1762 began with the skirmish at Malchin. From 4 to 10 January, the regiment conducted patrols in Mecklenburg and took part in the skirmish at Döbeln. The regiment recaptured the redoubt at Klingenberg, which had been lost by the von Bähr Grenadier Battalion, taking 500 prisoners in the process. On 15 October, skirmishes took place at Ruppersdorf [de], Tuttendorf [de] and Konradsdorf [de]. On 16 October, the regiment was stationed at Kleinwaltersdorf [de].

In the Battle of Freiberg, the Bayreuth Cuirassier Regiment was defeated, and the von Salm regiment was scattered. Eight cannons were captured in the process. Two of the dragoon regiment's squadrons also routed the 51st and 33rd Regiments, taking 17 officers and 700 men prisoner, whilst losing one officer, 66 men and 72 horses.

War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–1779)

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During the War of the Bavarian Succession, the regiment took part in the skirmish at Braunsdorf on 28 July 1778 and in the raid at Eckertsdorf against the Austrians on 11 August 1778. Its own losses amounted to two officers, 151 men and 157 horses.

The regiment's uniforms just before the war of 1806

Napoleonic Wars

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War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–1807)

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The regiment was one of the few pre-war regiments that survived the War of the Fourth Coalition.

At Schulitz in 1806, Lieutenant von Sydow succeeded in breaking through a line of 500 hussars with 50 men and Lieutenant Heinrich Erdmann Gottlieb von Massow (13th Dragoon Regiment); on 6 December 1806, the rearguard succeeded in breaking out of Thorn, which had by then been occupied by the French; from 20 to 23 December, skirmishes took place at Biezun on the Soldau; in 1807, the skirmish at Schippenbeil.

At the Battle of Eylau, Lieutenant von Turau saved a gun; this was followed by skirmishes at Spanden and Dietrichsdorf. The regiment fought at the Battle of Heilsberg. It is claimed that there it fought the Gens-d'armes d'élite (which perhaps refers to the Gendarmerie d'ordonnance [fr]).

Peacetime

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After the Treaties of Tilsit and the cabinet order of 14 September 1808, regiments were no longer named after their commanders. During the Prussian Army's reorganisation, the regiment was initially called the East Prussian Dragoon Regiment (Ostpreußisches Dragoner-Regiment), and after the cabinet order of 14 September 1808, the regiment was called the 3rd Dragoon Regiment. The Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment was at first garrisoned in Tilsit and Insterburg.

French invasion of Russia

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Two of the regiment's squadrons were made part of the 1st Mobile Dragoon Regiment, which was part of Yorck's Prussian Auxiliary Corps. This corps fought on Napoleon's side in the French invasion of Russia in 1812.

At the end of July 1812, the regiment was stationed at Eckau, where it celebrated the King's birthday on 3 August and Napoleon's birthday on 15 August – Prussia being, at that time, forced into an alliance with him. After the fighting began, on 22 August 1812 near Dahlenkirchen (not far from Ķekava), Lieutenant Kyckbusch and five dragoons captured 45 Russian skirmishers; this was followed by further skirmishes at Bauske, Gräfenthal and Dahlenkirchen from 27 to 30 September.

The Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment broke through two Russian infantry squares and captured a cannon Piktupėnai [lt]; on 28 December 1812, the skirmish at Ragnit took place. Then, the convention of Tauroggen (Tauragė) was signed on 30 December 1812.

War of the Fifth Coalition (1813–1814)

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Later, the Lithuanian Dragoons Regiment fought in Germany and France in 1813 and 1814 and repeatedly distinguished themselves in Yorck's Corps, especially at Möckern.[9] In the Battle of Leipzig, the regiment captured a French Imperial Eagle.[10]

At the Battle of Möckern on 5 April 1813, the regiment, under the command of Major von Platen [de], led the 2nd West Prussian Dragoons, the vanguard of an attack carried out jointly with Prussian Leibhussars against some 1,200 men of French cavalry entrenched behind trenches, who, with few losses of their own (3 dead, 3 wounded officers, including Platen, 19 horses) were overrun, driven into the arms of the Queen's Dragoons and Russian Grodno Hussars [ru], and largely wiped out.

On 7 April, the regiment joined Yorck's Corps and fought at Merseburg, Großgörschen, Colditz, Königswartha-Weißig, Waldau (losses up to the armistice at Pläswitz: 610 men, of which 49 killed and 258 died from exhaustion), Gröditzberg and Löwenberg.

In the Battle of the Katzbach, the 1st, 2nd and Jäger squadrons captured 30 guns of the French reserve artillery. During an attack on a square formation, a further 4 guns were captured. Their own losses amounted to 3 officers, 89 men and 108 horses.

On 3 October, the dragoons fought at Wartenburg; on 16 October in the Second Battle of Möckern, a preliminary skirmish of the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig, where in the evening a particularly bloody attack against a square of French Marine Guard infantry was carried out mainly by the dragoons, whose eagle was captured and 2,000 prisoners taken (casualties: one officer, 17 men, 28 horses).

Campaign in north-east France

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The Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment fought on in the Campaign in north-east France (1814).

On 11 January 1814, the regiment fought at Saint-Avold. The 1st Squadron saw action at Manheulles on 19 January. The unit subsequently took part in the fighting at La Chaussée [fr], Châlons and Montmirail. At Battle of Château-Thierry, the regiment fought with the French Guard Cavalry (casualties: one officer, 35 men, 28 horses). In the Battle of Laon, the regiment reached the artillery park and captured 9 guns and a war chest. Following fighting at Sézanne, the regiment took part in the Battle of Paris on 30 March.

In total, the regiment lost 7 officers, 22 non-commissioned officers, 247 men, and 325 horses during the Wars of Liberation.

1815

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The regiment was already back in Pomerania on its return march from France when, in the spring of 1815, it learnt of Napoleon's return to power and the beginning of the Hundred Days. It became part of the reserve cavalry of the 5th Brigade under Gustav Kalixt von Biron [de] and set off on the march to Belgium (then the Southern part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands) without taking part in any combat operations. After returning to Pomerania, it marched to Detmold in September 1815 to carry out a planned federal execution against Lippe, which, however, did not take place. After a three-week stay, it returned to Berlin, where it awaited the King’s return.

Adjutant from the regiment, mid-19th c.

1815–1914

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After the Napoleonic wars

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Circa 1815–1816, the regiment's soldiers were dispersed into other parts of the Prussian Kingdom, i.e. Berlin, Demmin or Tilsit. In 1819, the regiment was renumbered from being the 3rd in the dragoon regiments' sequence to being the 1st.[11] During 1860–1866, the regiment garrisoned different parts of East Prussia such as Insterburg or Ragnit.

To mark the coronation of King Wilhelm I, the regiment was named after his youngest brother, Colonel-General Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872), and on 18 October 1861 was designated the 1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment (Prince Albert of Prussia) (Litthauisches Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 1 (Prinz Albrecht von Preußen)). The name was later changed on 15 October 1872 to 1st Dragoon Regiment "Prince Albert of Prussia" (Lithuanian) (Dragoner-Regiment „Prinz Albrecht von Preußen“ (Litthauisches) Nr. 1).

Finally, from 1879 onward, the regiment was stationed only in Tilsit.

Unification of Germany

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Austro-Prussian War (1866)

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During the Austro-Prussian War, the regiment was attached to the 1st Division and later served as the vanguard of the I Corps within the combined cavalry brigade. At the Battle of Trautenau, the 3rd and 5th Squadrons, as well as 3 platoons of the 1st Squadron, fought against the Austrian Windischgrätz Dragoon Regiment, suffering losses of 4 officers, 73 men and 67 horses. The regiment also took part in the famous battle of Königgrätz. It also fought at Tobitschau thereafter.

In total, it lost 5 officers, 126 men and 219 horses during the war.

Franco-Prussian War (1870–71)

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At the start of the Franco-Prussian War, the 1st and 4th Squadrons saw action near Flanville on 13 August 1870. On 14 August, the regiment took part in the Battle of Colombey and was subsequently deployed in the encirclement and Siege of Metz until 27 October 1870. During this period, the unit also fought in the Battle of Noisseville on 31 August/1 September.

Following the surrender of Metz, the regiment was deployed from 14 to 22 November 1870 during the siege of Mézières. The 3rd and 4th Squadrons fought in the Battle of Amiens on 27 November.

At Rougemontier, the 1st Squadron succeeded in capturing two French batteries and a fully laden ammunition wagon on 4 January 1871.

Uniforms of the German I Corps to which the 1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment was assigned. The dragoon wears the light blue uniform.
The regimental barracks in Tilsit

20th century

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World War I

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With the outbreak of World War I, the regiment was mobilised as part of the 1st Cavalry Division and saw action on the Eastern Front throughout the war. In the early months of the war, it took part in the defence of East Prussia and fought in 1914 at the Battle of Gumbinnen, the Battle of Tannenberg and the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, as well as in the Winter Battle of Masuria in February and March 1915. During 1915, the regiment took part in the German occupation of Lithuania and the siege of Kaunas, and fought in the Battle of Vilnius. In 1917, it took part in the Riga offensive.

As part of the occupation of Ukraine to enforce peace with Soviet Russia, the Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment marched into Kyiv in the spring of 1918 and, at the time of the Armistice of 11 November 1918, was stationed in the Poltava region of eastern Ukraine, where, in the course of November 1918, troops under the former Ukrainian Minister of Military Affairs, Symon Petliura, seized power; they turned against the Ukrainian State's Hetman Skoropadsky's government, which had hitherto been supported by the German Empire, whilst simultaneously preparing for the fight against the Red Army, in which the Germans were not permitted to take part. As the Petliura militias controlled the railway links to Kyiv and did not permit the transport of German troops by rail, the Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment had to undertake the retreat to its home in Lithuania Minor, then still part of Germany, which it was ordered on 24 November 1918, on horseback. The dragoons set off on 7 December 1918 on a 2,000-kilometre ride through Eastern Europe and reached their garrison town of Tilsit on 23 February 1919.

Proceedings were brought against the regimental commander, Lieutenant Colonel Osterroth, for aggravated insubordination, as he had given the order to retreat of his own accord, contrary to the instructions of the High Command in Kyiv. Following Lieutenant Colonel Osterroth's regimental report, the proceedings against him were dropped, as he, being a lower-ranking officer on the ground, was better able to assess the situation than his superior and was therefore justified in acting contrary to orders.

Upon its return, the Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment was demobilised and disbanded by June 1919.

Aftermath

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A statue commemorating the regiment's fallen soldiers was built after World War I.[4]

Within the Reichswehr, the regiment's traditions were passed on by the 1st Squadron of the 1st (Prussian) Cavalry Regiment, newly-formed in Tilsit, which was part of the 1st Cavalry Division.[12]

In the Wehrmacht, the regiment staff and the 1st Squadron of the 1st Cavalry Regiment in Insterburg continued the tradition.

During World War II, the 1st Cavalry Regiment was employed in creating the 1st Cavalry Division, which was in turn converted into the 24th Panzer Division in late 1941.

The regimental standard was kept in the Tannenberg Memorial until it was blown up in 1945. In 1962, it was transferred to the Panzertruppenschule in Munster and has been exhibited at the German Tank Museum in Münster since its founding in 1983.

Uniforms

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During World War I, the uniforms of the regiment's soldiers had red piping.[13]

Commanders

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The regimentschef in 1861 was Prince Albrecht of Prussia the Elder, from 1831 until his death in 1872. He was succeeded in 1895 by his son, Generalfeldmarschall Prince Albrecht of Prussia the Younger, who died in 1906.

The regimental commanders were the following:[14]

No.Portrait CommanderTook officeLeft officeTime in office
1
Anton Ludolph von Krosigk
von Krosigk, Anton LudolphOberst
Anton Ludolph von Krosigk
(1667–1737)		19 April 171731 March 17213 years, 346 days
2
Franz Christoph von Friesenhausen
von Friesenhausen, Franz ChristophOberst
Franz Christoph von Friesenhausen		31 March 172115 June 17276 years, 76 days
3
Wilhelm von Rappe
von Rappe, WilhelmOberstleutnant
Wilhelm von Rappe		15 June 17273 May 17379 years, 322 days
4
Friedrich von Stosch [de]
von Stosch, FriedrichOberst
Friedrich von Stosch [de]
(1689–1752)		3 May 17371 November 1744<7 years, 5 months
5
Friedrich Ludwig I. Truchseß von Waldburg [de]
von Waldburg, Friedrich Ludwig I. TruchseßOberstleutnant
Friedrich Ludwig I. Truchseß von Waldburg [de]
(1711–1777)		1 November 174419 January 1746<1 year, 2 months
6
Joachim Wilhelm von Ahlimb [de]
von Ahlimb, Joachim WilhelmOberstleutnant
Joachim Wilhelm von Ahlimb [de]
(1701–1763)		19 January 174617 April 1754<8 years, 2 months
7
Johann Heinrich Friedrich von Spaen [de]
von Spaen, Johann Heinrich FriedrichMajor
Johann Heinrich Friedrich von Spaen [de]
(1705–1762)		17 April 175418 February 1759<4 years, 10 months
8
Carl Sigismund von Pogrell
von Pogrell, Carl SigismundMajor
Carl Sigismund von Pogrell		1759? (c.1760)<10 months
9
Heinrich Ernst von Loßberg
von Loßberg, Heinrich ErnstMajor
Heinrich Ernst von Loßberg		? (c.1760)until September 1760<8 months
10
Joachim Anton von Massow
von Massow, Joachim AntonOberst
Joachim Anton von Massow		23 September 1760[15]29 November 1762<2 years
11
Karl von Eberstein
von Eberstein, KarlMajor
Karl von Eberstein		29 November 1762[16]27 October 1778<15 years, 10 months
12
Sylvius von Frankenberg und Proschlitz [de]
von Frankenberg und Proschlitz, SylviusMajor, then Oberstleutnant, later Oberst and then Generalmajor
Sylvius von Frankenberg und Proschlitz [de]
(1732–1795)		6 November 177826 September 1790<11 years, 10 months
13
Joseph Albrecht Christoph von Bieberstein-Pilchowsky [de]
von Bieberstein-Pilchowsky, Joseph Albrecht ChristophOberst
Joseph Albrecht Christoph von Bieberstein-Pilchowsky [de]
(1730–1815)		26 September 179027 November 1793<3 years, 2 months
14
Franz von Quoos
von Quoos, FranzMajor, then Oberstleutnant, then Oberst
Franz von Quoos		27 November 1793[17]25 September 1798<4 years, 9 months
15
Joseph Theodor Sigismund von Baczko [de]
von Baczko, Joseph Theodor SigismundOberstleutnant, then Oberst
Joseph Theodor Sigismund von Baczko [de]
(1751–1840)		25 September 179818 November 1806<8 years, 1 month
16
Helmuth Dietrich von Maltzahn [de]
von Maltzahn, Helmuth DietrichOberst
Helmuth Dietrich von Maltzahn [de]
(1761–1826)		18 November 18061 February 1813<6 years, 2 months
17
Gottlieb Wilhelm Christian von Platen [de]
von Platen, Gottlieb Wilhelm ChristianOberst
Gottlieb Wilhelm Christian von Platen [de]
(1765–1819)		1 February 181330 June 1813<4 months
18
Theodor von Below [de]
von Below, TheodorOberstleutnant then Oberst
Theodor von Below [de]
(1765–1839)		30 June 18135 January 1816<2 years, 6 months
19
Rudolph Hiller von Gaertringen [de]
von Gaertringen, Rudolph HillerOberst
Rudolph Hiller von Gaertringen [de]
(1771–1831)		5 January 181615 November 1827<11 years, 10 months
20
Wilhelm von Tietzen und Hennig [de]
von Tietzen und Hennig, WilhelmOberstleutnant
Wilhelm von Tietzen und Hennig [de]
(1787–1869)		30 March 182830 March 1836<8 years
21
Karl von Broesigke [de]
von Broesigke, KarlMajor
Karl von Broesigke [de]
(1790–1852)		30 March 183629 March 1839<2 years, 11 months
22
Heinrich Gregorovius
Gregorovius, HeinrichHeinrich Gregorovius30 March 183923 March 1841<1 year, 11 months
23
Hans Adolf Erdmann von Auerswald
von Auerswald, Hans Adolf ErdmannHans Adolf Erdmann von Auerswald
(1792–1848)		23 March 1841<6 years
24
Karl von Dunker
von Dunker, KarlMajor
Karl von Dunker		27 March 18478 March 1848<11 months
25
Otto von Trotta genannt Treyden [de]
von Trotta genannt Treyden, OttoMajor then Oberstleutnant, then Oberst
Otto von Trotta genannt Treyden [de]		9 March 18487 August 1854<6 years, 4 months
26
Eduard Kehler
Kehler, EduardMajor then Oberstleutnant
Eduard Kehler		5 October 185413 March 1857<3 years, 2 months
27
Richard von Kalckreuth [de]
von Kalckreuth, RichardMajor then Oberstleutnant then Oberst
Richard von Kalckreuth [de]
(1808–1879)		14 May 185715 September 1862<5 years, 4 months
28
Otto von Bernhardi [de]
von Bernhardi, OttoMajor then Oberstleutnant then Oberst
Otto von Bernhardi [de]
(1818–1897)		16 September 186221 March 1868<5 years, 6 months
29
Ferdinand von Massow [de]
Oberstleutnant then Oberst
Ferdinand von Massow [de]
(1830–1878)		22 March 18681 December 1871<3 years, 8 months
30
August von Egloffstein
von Egloffstein, AugustOberstleutnant then Oberst
August von Egloffstein		17 December 187115 October 1873<1 year, 9 months
31
Otto von Holtzendorff
von Holtzendorff, OttoOberstleutnant then Oberst
Otto von Holtzendorff		16 October 18734 August 1875<1 year, 9 months
32
Richard Manché
Manché, RichardMajor then Oberstleutnant then Oberst
Richard Manché		5 August 18754 July 1883<7 years, 10 months
33
Albert von Kemnitz
von Kemnitz, AlbertOberstleutnant then Oberst
Albert von Kemnitz		5 July 188316 January 1888<4 years, 6 months
34
Hans von Meyer
von Meyer, HansOberstleutnant then Oberst
Hans von Meyer		17 January 188827 July 1892<4 years, 6 months
35
Gustav Kühls
Kühls, GustavOberstleutnant then Oberst
Gustav Kühls		28 July 189213 May 1894<5 years, 4 months
36
Hans von Gersdorff (General) [de]
von Gersdorff, HansMajor then Oberstleutnant then Oberst
Hans von Gersdorff (General) [de]
(1847–1929)		14 May 189417 August 1898<5 years, 4 months
37
Kuno von Ruppert
von Ruppert, KunoOberstleutnant then Oberst
Kuno von Ruppert		18 August 189821 April 1901<2 years, 8 months
38
Julius von Platen [de]
von Platen, JuliusOberstleutnant then Oberst
Julius von Platen [de]
(1853–1922)		22 April 19019 September 1908<7 years, 4 months
39
Wedig von Glasenapp
von Glasenapp, WedigOberstleutnant then Oberst
Wedig von Glasenapp		10 September 19083 April 1913<4 years, 6 months
40
Georg von Eicke und Pollwitz
von Eicke und Pollwitz, GeorgOberstleutnant
Georg von Eicke und Pollwitz		4 April 191311 December 1913<8 months
41
Karl von Kanitz
von Kanitz, KarlOberstleutnant then Oberst
Karl von Kanitz		12 December 191321 March 1918<4 years, 3 months
42
Hermann Osterroht
Osterroht, HermannOberstleutnant
Hermann Osterroht		22 March 1918June 1919<1 year, 2 months

In Lithuanian folklore

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The 1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regiment was mentioned repeatedly in local folklore of Lithuania Minor. One example of a song from the early 18th century is this:[3]

Lithuanian song[3] English translation

Lygios lankos, žalios pievos,
Balti dobilėliai;
Čia vaikščiojo, uliavojo
Du baltu dragūnu.

Ei jūs, dragūn dragūnėliai
Balti dobilėliai,
Ko vaikščiojat uliavojat
Po Slezingės žemę?

Ir atlėkė juodas varnas,
Juodasis varnelis,
Ir parnešė baltą ranką
Ir aukso žiedelį.

Ei tu, varne, juodvame,
Juodasis varneli,
Kur tu gavai baltą ranką
Ir aukso žiedelį?

Už Kistrino, pas Kistriną
Didžioj krygėj buvau;
Čion gavau aš baltą ranką
Ir aukso žiedelį.

Smooth meadows, green pastures,
White little clovers;
Here walked and galloped
Two white dragoons.

Hey you, little dragoons,
White little clovers,
Why are you walking and singing
Across the Silesian land?

And a black crow flew in,
The little black crow,
And brought a white hand
And a golden ring.

Hey you, raven, black one,
Little black raven,
Where did you get the white hand
And the golden ring?

Beyond Küstrin, at Küstrin’s
I was at a great war;
There I got the white hand
And the golden ring.

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Matulevičius 2020.
  2. 1 2 Goetzke 2003.
  3. 1 2 3 Rėklaitis 1968.
  4. 1 2 Jakužaitis 1952.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Osterroth 1930, p. 3.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Osterroth 1930, p. 4.
  7. ↑ Osterroth 1930, p. 5.
  8. 1 2 3 Osterroth 1930, p. 6.
  9. ↑ von Ramin 1967, p. 64.
  10. ↑ von Haber 1877, p. 101.
  11. ↑ Berckenhagen & Wagner 1982, p. 240.
  12. ↑ Richter 1968, p. 77.
  13. ↑ Bull 2000, p. 51.
  14. ↑ Günter Wegmann (Hrsg.), Günter Wegner: Formationsgeschichte und Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Streitkräfte 1815–1990. Teil 1: Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815–1939. Band 3: Die Stellenbesetzung der aktiven Regimenter, Bataillone und Abteilungen von der Stiftung bzw. Aufstellung bis zum 26. August 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1, S. 44–46.
  15. ↑ Sammlung ungedruckter Nachrichten. Band 3, S. 19.
  16. ↑ Louis Ferdinand Eberstein: Geschichte der Freiherren von Eberstein. Band 1, S. 1185.
  17. ↑ Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch der adeligen Häuser. Gotha 1904, S. 689.

Sources

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  • Bull, Stephen (2000). Newark, Tim (ed.). World War One: German Army. Brassey's History of Uniforms. ISBN 1574882783.

Lithuanian

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German

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19th-century

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20th-century and later

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21st-century

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